Certification corpus

Survivors A wife and one son.

The wife's eighth where a descendant survives; the son takes the whole residue.

Survivors A wife, one son and two daughters.

A son makes his sisters residuary with him, two shares to the male against one to the female. The two daughters hold 7/16 between them, 7/32 each.

Survivors A husband and one daughter.

The husband's quarter where a descendant survives; the surplus returns to the daughter alone, the spouse taking no part in the return.

Survivors A husband, the father and the mother. No one else.

The mother takes a third of the remainder after the spouse, not a third of the estate.

Survivors A wife, the father and the mother. No one else.

The second of the two 'Umariyya cases.

Survivors A wife, the mother, the father and two daughters.

The fixed shares come to 27/24, more than the estate, so all are reduced proportionally. The wife's eighth becomes a ninth.

Survivors A wife, the mother and two full sisters.

The shares total 13/12 and are reduced onto a base of thirteen.

Survivors The father, the mother and one son.

Each parent takes a sixth where a son survives; the son takes the residue.

Survivors The father and one son.

The father is held to his sixth by a male descendant.

Survivors The father and one daughter.

Where the descendants are female only, the father takes his sixth as a fixed share and the residue besides — a sixth plus a third here.

Survivors The father and two daughters.

Two or more daughters take two thirds between them; the father takes the rest.

Survivors The mother and one daughter.

The fixed shares claim only two thirds and no residuary heir survives, so the surplus returns in proportion.

Survivors A husband, the mother and one daughter.

The husband keeps exactly his quarter. The surplus is returned only among the mother and daughter.

Survivors A wife, two daughters and the mother.

The shares total 23/24. The remaining twenty-fourth returns to the daughters and mother in the ratio of their shares, the wife excluded from the return.

Survivors A husband, the mother and two maternal siblings.

Two or more uterine siblings take a third, divided equally without regard to sex. Their presence also reduces the mother to a sixth. The shares happen to total exactly one.

Survivors The father, the mother and two full brothers.

The father excludes the brothers entirely, yet they still cut the mother from a third to a sixth. Exclusion from inheriting does not undo the reduction.

Survivors The father, one daughter and one son's daughter.

Behind a single daughter, the son's daughter takes a sixth, completing the two thirds due to the female descendants.

Survivors Two sons, and one son of a son who died first.

The orphaned grandchild is excluded. Provision for him is made from the wasiyyah, not from the fixed shares.

Survivors One daughter and one full sister.

The sister does not take her fixed half; she becomes residuary alongside the daughter (asaba ma'a al-ghayr).

Survivors The mother, two full brothers and one full sister.

The siblings take the residue two to one. The mother is at a sixth because two or more siblings survive.

Survivors Four wives and one son.

The wives' share does not multiply with their number. Four wives divide the single eighth equally, a thirty-second each.

Survivors The paternal grandmother and one son. Neither parent survives.

A grandmother takes the sixth in place of the mother where no mother survives.

Survivors The father, the paternal grandmother and one son.

The majority position, held by three schools: the father excludes the grandmother through him. The Hanbalis have her inherit alongside him, which is the one point at which this case differs by school.

Survivors The paternal grandfather and one full brother.

Sharing as though he were a brother gives the grandfather a half, which is more than a third of the estate, so that is what he takes. On the Hanafi position he would exclude the brother and take everything.

Survivors The paternal grandfather and two full brothers.

With two brothers, sharing would give him only a third, and a third is also his floor — the two coincide. With three or more brothers the third is plainly the better of the two.

Survivors A husband, the paternal grandfather and two full brothers.

The husband takes half, leaving half. A third of that remainder is a sixth of the estate, which is also the least the grandfather may take, so he takes a sixth and the brothers divide the rest.

Survivors A husband, the mother, the paternal grandfather and one full sister.

The sister is given her half, the shares are reduced onto nine, and then the grandfather and sister pool what they hold and divide it two to one. On the Hanafi position the grandfather would exclude her entirely.

Survivors A husband, one full sister and one consanguine sister.

Behind a single full sister the consanguine sister takes a sixth, completing the two thirds due to sisters. The shares then come to seven sixths and are reduced onto seven.

Survivors The mother and two consanguine sisters.

With no full sister surviving, the consanguine sisters stand in their place and take the two thirds. The surplus then returns, no residuary heir surviving.

Survivors A husband. No descendant, parent, sibling or more distant relative survives.

The husband takes a half as his fixed share. A spouse is the standard example of an heir who takes no part in the return, so classically the remaining half would pass to the bayt al-mal. Where no properly administered treasury exists the later authorities return it rather than let it escheat, and the calculator reports the classical answer alongside.

Survivors A daughter’s son. No spouse, descendant, parent or sibling survives.

The schools split evenly on whether distant kindred inherit at all, so there is no majority to take. The tie is broken on the ground that the classical alternative — the public treasury — does not exist here, and following it would mean the estate escheating to a state rather than reaching a surviving relative.

Survivors A husband and a daughter’s son.

The spouse takes the fixed half. A spouse does not exclude distant kindred, so the remainder goes to the relative rather than returning to the spouse.

Survivors The mother and a daughter’s son.

Distant kindred inherit only where no nearer heir survives. The mother takes her third and the surplus returns to her, rather than passing further out.

Survivors A husband, the mother, two maternal siblings and two full brothers.

The fixed shares exhaust the estate, so the full brothers, who are residuary, take nothing. That is the Hanafi and Hanbali answer and the one shown by default. 'Umar ruled that they share the uterine third head for head, since whatever their fathers they have the same mother, and Malik and al-Shafi'i follow him — under those schools the third divides four ways and each group takes a sixth.

Survivors One daughter, one full sister and one consanguine sister.

The daughter takes a half and the full sister takes the residue alongside her. Standing in a brother’s place, the full sister excludes the consanguine sister entirely — the sixth that completes the two thirds is available only where the full sister takes a fixed share, not where she has been made residuary.

Survivors The paternal grandfather, one full brother and one consanguine brother.

The consanguine brother is counted in against the grandfather even though the full brother excludes him from inheriting, so the grandfather shares against three heads rather than two and takes a third rather than a half. The full brother then takes back what the consanguine brother was counted for. Without the counting the grandfather would take half.

Survivors The paternal grandfather, one full sister and one consanguine brother.

The consanguine brother is counted in, giving the grandfather two fifths. The full sister then takes back what he was counted for, but only up to the half due to a sole sister; the tenth left over falls to the consanguine brother, who therefore does inherit here.

Survivors A husband, the mother, the paternal grandfather and two full sisters.

Al-Akdariyya is defined for one sister and no other sibling. With two, the ordinary rules apply: the sisters reduce the mother to a sixth, the grandfather falls back to his sixth, and the base is six with no reduction at all.

Survivors A husband, the mother, the paternal grandfather and one consanguine sister.

The case is defined for a sister full or consanguine, and she takes exactly what a full sister would. Without this she would be given nothing at all, the grandfather's sixth having exhausted what was left.

Survivors A wife, the father, the mother and two full brothers.

The father excludes the brothers, but two or more siblings cut the mother to a sixth whether or not they inherit, so she never reaches the third that the 'Umariyya rule adjusts. This is not one of al-Umariyyatan. With a husband the two routes agree at a sixth by coincidence; with a wife they do not, and the difference is a quarter against a sixth.

Both schools classically direct a surplus to the bayt al-mal rather than returning it. There is no such treasury here, and contemporary practice in both schools appears to permit the return.

Currently The engine returns the surplus for all four schools, and shows the Maliki and Shafi'i user a note explaining why.

This is the intended means of funding the service. The user would remain free to name any organisation, ordering would never be affected by payment, and the arrangement would be disclosed on the screen itself.

Currently Not yet built. Awaiting this ruling before the screen is designed.

The majority classical position is that inheritance does not pass between Muslim and non-Muslim, and the wasiyyah is the usual accommodation. This is an emotionally difficult screen and the wording matters.

Currently Not yet built.

United States law treats an adopted child as a legal child with full inheritance rights; classical fiqh does not create an inheritance relationship through adoption. Provision through the wasiyyah is the usual accommodation.

Currently Not yet built.

They are excluded by a surviving son in all four schools. Reform statutes in Egypt, Syria and Pakistan address this by obligatory bequest. Families frequently find the exclusion shocking.

Currently The engine excludes them and emits a note pointing to the wasiyyah. It does not yet recommend an amount.

They differ structurally from the Sunni schools, including in the rejection of awl. Supporting them means a separate engine path and a second review.

Currently Not supported. The interface does not currently say so, which should be fixed either way.